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                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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                  <text>This is a collection of 48 maps and related images, the gift of Henry and Kaye Spalding, Jr., Class of 1960. The maps focus on the Chesapeake Bay, the body of water that enabled the settlement and development of the state of Virginia. They depict the area between the years of 1590 and 1860, and are drawn by European mapmakers and, as evidenced in later works, those residing in the United States of America.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://archivesspace.hsc.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/8#" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection, SC-000105, Finding Aid.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Copperplate engraving with hand color</text>
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                <text>Hondius, Hendrik, 1597-1651</text>
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                <text>Nova Virginiae Tabula / Amstelodami, ex officina Henrici Hondi</text>
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                <text>Amsterdam, 1630/1636; The first derivative of Smith's map of Virginia appeared in Atlas Novus in the editions of 1636, 1638, 1641, and 1644. It is the only Smith derivative with the Indian facing the Chesapeake Bay. Powhatan's Lodge appears in the upper left of the map. The families of the Amsterdam mapmakers, many of whom spent some time in London, were closely related. Jodocus Hondius (1563-1612), a Flemish engraver and instrument maker, bought plates from Mercator's family, probably in 1604. Hondius went to London about 1583, married Colette, the sister of Pieter van den Keere, in 1587, and moved to Amsterdam about 1593, establishing his publishing and bookselling firm. His daughter Elizabeth married Jan Jansson in 1612, and she helped her mother with the family firm until Colette's death in 1629. Her husband Jan later worked with her brothers, Jodocus Jr. (d.1629) and Henricus. It was from the younger Jodocus Hondius' estate that Blaeu bought 36 plates, one of which was this first derivative of Smith's map of Virginia. --From This New Founde Lande: The Henry &amp; Kaye Spalding Map Collection at Hampden-Sydney College, 2008.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://dams.hsc.edu/items/show/709" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nova Virginiae Tabula / Amstelodami, ex officina Henrici Hondi [verso]"&gt;Nova Virginiae Tabula / Amstelodami, ex officina Henrici Hondi [verso]&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>British North America</text>
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                <text>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </text>
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                <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections</text>
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                <text>Digital Repository materials are derived from the documents housed within Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections, and are made accessible to the public as historical record. Some materials within our collections may contain offensive images, language, or other content. They do not serve as a representation of views held by Hampden-Sydney College or the Walter M. Bortz III Library.</text>
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                <text>The Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection at Hampden-Sydney College; Image appears on pg. 25 (plate 9) of This New Founde Land, Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia, 2008</text>
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                <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections</text>
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                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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                  <text>This is a collection of 48 maps and related images, the gift of Henry and Kaye Spalding, Jr., Class of 1960. The maps focus on the Chesapeake Bay, the body of water that enabled the settlement and development of the state of Virginia. They depict the area between the years of 1590 and 1860, and are drawn by European mapmakers and, as evidenced in later works, those residing in the United States of America.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://archivesspace.hsc.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/8#" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection, SC-000105, Finding Aid.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Civil Rights Movements--United States</text>
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                  <text>This collection includes a selection of newspaper articles ranging from 1953-1970, concerned with Civil Rights issues such as school integration at Hampden-Sydney College and the larger community of Prince Edward County and Farmville, Virginia.</text>
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                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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                <text>Digital Repository materials are derived from the documents housed within Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections, and are made accessible to the public as historical record. Some materials within our collections may contain offensive images, language, or other content. They do not serve as a representation of views held by Hampden-Sydney College or the Walter M. Bortz III Library.</text>
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                  <text>This collection includes a selection of newspaper articles ranging from 1953-1970, concerned with Civil Rights issues such as school integration at Hampden-Sydney College and the larger community of Prince Edward County and Farmville, Virginia.</text>
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                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Repository materials are derived from the documents housed within Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections, and are made accessible to the public as historical record. Some materials within our collections may contain offensive images, language, or other content. They do not serve as a representation of views held by Hampden-Sydney College or the Walter M. Bortz III Library.</text>
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              <text>Aaron Moorer 00:00&#13;
Let's start out by telling us, what's your connection to Farmville? And how was it like growing up during your childhood?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 00:10&#13;
I am a native of Farmville. I grew up on South Street, in Farmville. I used to live in a house on South Street that my great, great grandfather and great grandmother built in about 1868. I started my education in Farmville, and I attended elementary school at Mary E. Branch, one and two. As I was going into the ninth grade--well, I might have gone to eighth grade at Moton--but as I was going into the ninth grade the public schools were closed.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 01:12&#13;
Okay. That's great. Okay, and can you share any memories about being back in school? Or any memories about the time the school closed for you? So you said it was eighth grade? So what was that like when schools closed? Can you take me through the process, and where did you go from there?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 01:41&#13;
I don't remember, within a degree of certainty, what it was like. I just know that we got out of school in June of '59. And September, we were told that schools would not be reopened.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 02:05&#13;
Okay.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 02:06&#13;
But it was just a continuation of summer, until I started to attend the training centers, which the Virginia Teachers Association, the NAACP, and the American Friends Service Committee, had put together at church basements to keep young black students from following...from falling so far behind in their schoolwork. These centers where young people went to for four hours in the morning, just to keep them working on the basics: reading, writing, arithmetic, history. I did that the first year that public schools were closed. The second year that public schools were closed, I went to live with my grandmother in Cumberland County, and was there for at least one grading period before I was told that the school was overcrowded, and that all of us from Prince Edward was making this overcrowded and please do not come back. The following month, I returned to the training centers and worked there and went there for the next year. While working there, I worked closely with the people from the American Friends Service Committee, and they found me a place to go for my third year being out of school. So in the Fall of '61 I took a 36 hour bus trip from Farmville, Virginia to Iowa City, Iowa. And I stayed with a family in Iowa City. I attended Central Junior High School, I stayed on and I was in Iowa City where I completed high school. By the time I had completed high school, I think I was considered a state resident of Iowa. And I could go to the University of Iowa, which is right there in Iowa City. I attended the University of Iowa, I did my junior year at the American University of Beirut, I came back to Iowa, I graduated in 1969, with a bachelor's degree in political science. I was accepted to the School of Law at the University of Virginia, and I entered it in August of '69, and I graduated in '72. And I have been practicing law in Farmville since about 1975.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 05:43&#13;
Okay, so listening to just the timeline and everything, I know that a lot of the authors from the Voice newspaper were students at Moton High School. So like, how was your connection there? Because I know you said you was, you graduated University of Iowa in 1969. And that paper was started in 1965 'til like, 1969, so how was your connection to the Voice Newspaper? Like, how did you get started in that? And how did you play a role?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 06:22&#13;
Every year that I was in school, in high school in Iowa, I came home to farm for the summer.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 06:34&#13;
Ooookay. Okay.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 06:35&#13;
So I was involved with the activities in Prince Edward County in the summer, each year that I was away and... We started the paper in maybe...I think the first Edition came out, maybe, '65, and clearly, I was in the midst of it.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 07:15&#13;
Okay. Okay, that fills in the blank for me a little bit, awesome. And so with the Voice newspaper, do you remember how the idea of starting this paper came about? Like, who came up with the idea of writing this paper? Who was a part of that? And, you know, how'd y'all get the ball rolling?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 07:42&#13;
I believe we had talked about the fact that there was no paper in this area, which actually talked about people of color, and what we were going through at that time, and I believe, [he?] and I, and maybe James White, talked about this. And we talked with Reverend Griffin, and he talked with the Journal and Guide, the publisher of the Journal and Guide, and the publisher of the Journal and Guide said that if we got the paper together, they would print it.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 08:35&#13;
Okay. So they they funded the newspaper as well.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 08:41&#13;
Who? No, I don't think the Journal and Guide funded it, because we had to go out and solicit some ads to help cover the costs.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 08:53&#13;
Okay.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 08:55&#13;
I think they might not have charged us the same rate, you know, but they didn't fund it. I think we had to get some ads. I think we even said in the newspaper we needed ads to keep going.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 09:13&#13;
Okay, yeah, makes sense. Okay. And so you being a college student and coming back over the summer, what motivated you to personally participate in writing for this paper? Was there like an individual who played an important role in, you know, motivating you to write this paper? Or was that just off a personal interest?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 09:34&#13;
I think it was something that we had talked about. You have lots of free time, you talk about things that you think you should do.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 09:46&#13;
Right. Yeah.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 09:48&#13;
And I think it was Skippy, which is Reverend Griffin's son, myself and James White. And I'm not sure if Otis was involved or not. But... And we talked to the people who were working with Reverend Griffin.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 10:12&#13;
Okay. Gotcha. Okay. And so there was Ms. Harriet White, if you don't recall, she was an author, and also was a mother of several of the authors for this paper. Do you remember what role she played in the newspaper? And if there were any, like other adults who were influential in the creation of this newspaper?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 10:39&#13;
Well, I knew Ms... Harriet or Hattie, which name did you say?&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 10:54&#13;
Harriet.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 10:56&#13;
Harriet?&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 10:58&#13;
Yes.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 10:59&#13;
Ms. Harriet White and her daughter Darwyn wrote for the newspaper also.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 11:10&#13;
Okay.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 11:11&#13;
Ms. White was like a den mother for so many of us.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 11:19&#13;
Okay.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 11:22&#13;
And I'm almost sure she was there encouraging, and making sure we did something.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 11:33&#13;
Right. Yeah. As you should. Okay. Cool. And so who would you say was the main audience for this paper? Who did y'all really want this to get out to?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 11:47&#13;
People of color.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 11:49&#13;
People of Color? Okay. Cool. And do you remember any kind of events that you wanted to cover? Because I know, I know, it's kind of hard to think back, you know, all the way back to 19...the 1960s. But were there any events you wanted to write about, but you weren't able to due to censorship or anything like that? Or were you guys pretty much able to write about most things that you wanted to? willingly?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 12:21&#13;
Whatever we wanted to write about, we could.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 12:24&#13;
I know that's right! Okay, that's awesome. And so, what impact do you think the paper had on the Prince Edward community or on yourself? Or, you know, other schools?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 12:47&#13;
I'm not sure. I don't know.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 12:50&#13;
Okay. And so during this time period, I know the federal government was, you know, creating a lot of funding for more access to education, through initiatives like the Operation Catch Up, and the Education Act of 1965 and other programs. Were you aware of this new funding by any chance, if you could recall?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 13:21&#13;
I was not.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 13:24&#13;
Okay. And so I guess just to talk a little bit more. Could you speak on like, how Farmville has changed over the years? Since you've grown up until I guess, now?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 13:45&#13;
I think we can just look around and see the change.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 13:47&#13;
[laughs] Right, for sure. Yeah, I was just talking to my friend today and, I took a course here my freshman year and just hearing, you know, what took place back then, and how schools were desegregated and all that, which is really surprising how Farmville was, you know, late to do so. So, yeah, I definitely would say Farmville has come a long way. And I mean, there's still a lot of change to come.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 14:20&#13;
Oh, come a long way. I think that our community is...to be as rural as we are, community has a long way.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 14:34&#13;
For sure.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 14:35&#13;
There is more racial interaction here than we might see in some other places. I believe there's more openness to some degree, than we might see in other places.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 14:54&#13;
Right.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 14:56&#13;
I believe we've come a long way.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 14:58&#13;
Yeah. I think everybody else could agree. And so what would you want students today to take away from your experience? Because I know you've attended the Moton Museum, and with you working on The Voice during this era, what would you want students today to take away from your experience, if anything? I'll give you time to think about that if you have anything.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 15:32&#13;
I believe when we look at our community, and see the role that young people have played in transforming our world--young people from Prince Edward County, have played in transforming our world--I would like for young people today to understand the impact that they can have on making our world a better place.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 16:14&#13;
For sure, I mean, yeah, we're the future. And so I don't think a lot of people understand the gravity of that, because it's like, "oh, we're young, so we're not going to really have an impact." But we're, you know, we're future leaders and I guess a lot of people don't want to think about that, because it could seem overwhelming. But yeah, I remember you came to speak with Hampden-Sydney Brother for Brother last, I think it was last year, you came to speak for the Brother for Brother group. And just hearing, hearing your life story was awesome, you know, going off to Iowa and still being able to do what you wanted to do, which was ultimately become a lawyer and then come back and serve the community was awesome.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 17:12&#13;
[Crosstalk] Keep this in mind, now. Of the five jurisdictions involved in the Brown versus Board of Education decision, the Prince Edward case was a case started by teenagers. Not adults, but teenagers.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 17:42&#13;
Yes, exactly. Yes. I think that, yes.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 17:47&#13;
And knowing that history and seeing what young people can do. It just, it boggles the mind.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 18:01&#13;
For sure, yeah. Out of all the other cases, I think Prince Edward had the most students on the plaintiff as well. So like, that's--you know, just amazing. Just to hear about--cuz, you know, just to imagine like, dealing with legal actions that early on just takes a lot of courage and commitment. So, yeah. So I just have a couple other small questions that I don't know if you'll be able to answer, but did you witness any propaganda or news topics, you know, at the time that you like--anything that you can remember that you published on--you know, like a lot of people can put out false information or stretch the truth and...did y'all ever try to post on, publish on these topics?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 19:09&#13;
I don't think we did.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 19:11&#13;
Okay. So with this paper, did you recall ever coming across any threats or encounters that attempted you guys to prevent publishing the newspaper?&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 19:26&#13;
We were too quick, too, too...crazy to recognize that.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 19:33&#13;
I know that's right! Okay. Well, that's pretty much all the questions I had--&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 19:45&#13;
If you think of anything else don't hesitate to call.&#13;
&#13;
Aaron Moorer 19:49&#13;
Okay, I appreciate it. And I thank you for your time once again. And we will be in touch with you on more details about the website once it's launched. And I will send you the link once everything's published and stuff.&#13;
&#13;
James Ghee 20:04&#13;
Okay, very good.</text>
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                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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                <text>Burwell Robinson is reelected president of the PTA</text>
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                <text>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </text>
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                <text>Digital Repository materials are derived from the documents housed within Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections, and are made accessible to the public as historical record. Some materials within our collections may contain offensive images, language, or other content. They do not serve as a representation of views held by Hampden-Sydney College or the Walter M. Bortz III Library.</text>
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                  <text>Letters to William Overton Callis</text>
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                  <text>Constitutional Convention </text>
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                  <text>2 letters to William Overton Callis, both framed in glass. One undated fragment, signed by Patrick Henry, and one letter dated January 13, 1789, signed by James Madison. </text>
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                  <text>James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was a statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father of the United States. He was an architect of the U.S. Constitution, authored the Bill of Rights, and was the fourth president of the United States (1809-1817). He was also one of the charter trustees of Hampden-Sydney College.&#13;
Patrick Henry (May 1736 – June 6, 1799) was a lawyer, orator, statesman, and politician. He was the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779 and from 1784 to 1786. He was also one of the charter trustees of Hampden-Sydney College. &#13;
William Overton Callis (March 4, 1756 – March 14, 1814) was a politician and childhood friend of James Madison. He was tutored by Parson John Todd, who was active in the establishment of Hampden-Sydney College and a member of the first Board of Trustees. &#13;
During the time of James Madison’s letter to William Callis, George Washington had just been elected the first president of the United States and the Constitution, although ratified, had yet to be officially implemented. The date was set for March 4, 1789, for Congress to meet and the new government to begin. Before that first meeting, James Madison began writing letters to several people about his true intentions and goals for the Constitution, hoping to negate false narratives about himself. This letter appears to be one of those said letters. &#13;
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                  <text>1789</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47111">
                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. &#13;
The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&#13;
This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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                  <text>correspondence</text>
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                  <text>SC-000147</text>
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                  <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections</text>
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              <name>Access Rights</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47116">
                  <text>Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.</text>
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                  <text>[Identification of item], Letters to William Overton Callis, SC-000147, Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA</text>
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                  <text>DACS</text>
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                  <text>2022</text>
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                  <text>1789</text>
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                  <text>These two letters were gifted to Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections as one accession. Due to that, they have been processed together as letters to William Overton Callis but the Archives and Special Collections would like to acknowledge that the recipient of the Patrick Henry letter, along with the written date of the letter, remain unconfirmed due a generous section missing.</text>
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                  <text>Gift of Mr. James N. Boyd '58 and Mr. J. P. McGuire Boyd '64.</text>
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                <text>Letter from James Madison (front)</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Transcription &#13;
&#13;
Items within single brackets indicate the clarification of an abbreviated word. &#13;
Items within two brackets indicate that the word may be an incorrect transcription or directions for where the transcription is located on the page.</text>
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                <text>W. Fontainer Jan. 13th 1789&#13;
Dear Sir&#13;
	In attending yesterday at your Court House I had chiefly in &#13;
view an opportunity of seeing several of my friends and particularly your-&#13;
self. I wished to furnish them with the real sentiment by which I shall &#13;
be governed, if honored with the trust for which I am a candidate, &amp; &#13;
enable them by that means to contradict more effectively the false opi&#13;
-nion ascribed to me by report. Being disappointed in the expected pleasures, &#13;
I shall in a few words state to you the grounds in which my services &#13;
are offered, and of which I have endeavored to make known as far as &#13;
occasions have presented themselves.&#13;
The Constitution being now ratified by a sufficient number &#13;
of states to secure it against the weight of the refusing States, I think &#13;
it proper that it should be so revised and amended as will make it &#13;
satisfactory to all who sincerely aim at the good of their Country, without &#13;
altering however any of its partial or useful parts. I think particularly &#13;
that effectual revision ought to be made for the great rights which &#13;
have been thought in danger, such as the rights of conscience, the freedom &#13;
of the press, trials by jury, security against genl. [general] warrants etetr. [etcetera]. It has &#13;
always been my opinion that it would be additional advantage also &#13;
to make the increase of the House of Representatives a Constitutional regula&#13;
-tion, instead of being left to the discretion of the govt. [government] itself. I am fur&#13;
-ther of opinion that it will be proper to guard against a possible abuse&#13;
of power in the Judiciary Department, by an excess prohibition of ap&#13;
-peals in cases where they would be vexatious or superfluous In many &#13;
other particulars it is my wish that alterations should be made either as &#13;
&#13;
[[right margin]] Maddison 228&#13;
Monroe 124&#13;
4 voted in &#13;
2 counties [[/right margin]] [[most likely a different author for this section]]&#13;
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                <text>James Madison</text>
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                <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections</text>
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                <text>Jan. 13, 1789</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47128">
                <text>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47130">
                <text>Digital Repository materials are derived from the documents housed within Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections, and are made accessible to the public as historical record. Some materials within our collections may contain offensive images, language, or other content. They do not serve as a representation of views held by Hampden-Sydney College or the Walter M. Bortz III Library.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>Gift of Mr. James N. Boyd '58 and Mr. J. P. McGuire Boyd '64.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Letters to William Overton Callis</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Constitutional Convention </text>
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                  <text>James Madison (1751-1836)</text>
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                  <text>Patrick Henry (1736-1799)</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>2 letters to William Overton Callis, both framed in glass. One undated fragment, signed by Patrick Henry, and one letter dated January 13, 1789, signed by James Madison. </text>
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                  <text>James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was a statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father of the United States. He was an architect of the U.S. Constitution, authored the Bill of Rights, and was the fourth president of the United States (1809-1817). He was also one of the charter trustees of Hampden-Sydney College.&#13;
Patrick Henry (May 1736 – June 6, 1799) was a lawyer, orator, statesman, and politician. He was the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779 and from 1784 to 1786. He was also one of the charter trustees of Hampden-Sydney College. &#13;
William Overton Callis (March 4, 1756 – March 14, 1814) was a politician and childhood friend of James Madison. He was tutored by Parson John Todd, who was active in the establishment of Hampden-Sydney College and a member of the first Board of Trustees. &#13;
During the time of James Madison’s letter to William Callis, George Washington had just been elected the first president of the United States and the Constitution, although ratified, had yet to be officially implemented. The date was set for March 4, 1789, for Congress to meet and the new government to begin. Before that first meeting, James Madison began writing letters to several people about his true intentions and goals for the Constitution, hoping to negate false narratives about himself. This letter appears to be one of those said letters. &#13;
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>James Madison</text>
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                  <text>Patrick Henry</text>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47110">
                  <text>1789</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="47111">
                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. &#13;
The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&#13;
This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47112">
                  <text>English</text>
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              <name>Type</name>
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                  <text>correspondence</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>SC-000147</text>
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              <name>Rights Holder</name>
              <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
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                  <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections</text>
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              <name>Access Rights</name>
              <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="47116">
                  <text>Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Bibliographic Citation</name>
              <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
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                  <text>[Identification of item], Letters to William Overton Callis, SC-000147, Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA</text>
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              <name>Conforms To</name>
              <description>An established standard to which the described resource conforms.</description>
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                  <text>DACS</text>
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              <name>Date Accepted</name>
              <description>Date of acceptance of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal).</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47119">
                  <text>2022</text>
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              <name>Date Available</name>
              <description>Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47120">
                  <text>2024-03</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Date Created</name>
              <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47121">
                  <text>1789</text>
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            <element elementId="53">
              <name>Abstract</name>
              <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>These two letters were gifted to Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections as one accession. Due to that, they have been processed together as letters to William Overton Callis but the Archives and Special Collections would like to acknowledge that the recipient of the Patrick Henry letter, along with the written date of the letter, remain unconfirmed due a generous section missing.</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Gift of Mr. James N. Boyd '58 and Mr. J. P. McGuire Boyd '64.</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                <text>Letter from James Madison (back)</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47133">
                <text>Transcription &#13;
&#13;
Items within single brackets indicate the clarification of an abbreviated word.&#13;
Items within two brackets indicate that the word may be an incorrect transcription or directions for where the transcription is located on the page.</text>
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                <text>as expedient in themselves or due to the characters &amp; numbers who &#13;
think them so. &#13;
As to the mode of obtaining amendments, I have not &#13;
changed my opinion that the business ought to be taken up by the first Congress &#13;
which is to meet in March next. It is plain that the object can be attained&#13;
in that mode more steadily, more certainly, more cheaply, and with less &#13;
danger or the apprehension of it, than by the an adherence to the case of &#13;
a general convention to which an any States with not consent which could not &#13;
take place until 2/3 have applied if that proportion were ready to consent, &#13;
and which would spread a general alarm if convened in the present fer- &#13;
ment of parties. It is to be observed however that the question for calling &#13;
a convention rally in no respect depend on the discretion of the Congress &#13;
or either branch of it. If a sufficient number of states make application, &#13;
Congress cannot refuse to call one; if not they have no right to do so. &#13;
The great objection propagated agst. [against] my pretensions &#13;
is, I find, that I think the constitution perfect as it stands, &amp; that no al- &#13;
-teration of a single clause ought to be admitted. As a very pointed contra&#13;
-diction to such a supposition. I have, besides explaining my present state&#13;
-ments as above, mentioned the circumstances now &amp; then. That I was an &#13;
unsuccessful candidate in the federal convention for several of the very &#13;
amendments which are now signed by this and other States. Being under the &#13;
necesty. [necessity] of drafting these lines in much haste. I must request you to ex&#13;
-mine the marks of it, as well as to be persuaded of the esteem &amp; regard. &#13;
with which I am dear Sir. &#13;
Yr. [Your] friend &amp; Obedt. [Obedient] Sert. [Servant]&#13;
Js. Madison [V] &#13;
I have written to sundry persons per this situation &#13;
both out of this county &amp; in it. [[away]] the letter I have &#13;
included capt. Js. [James] Dabney. to whose politics I am a stranger -&#13;
&#13;
[[left margin]] Col. William. O. Callis [[/left margin]]</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47135">
                <text>James Madison </text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47136">
                <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Jan. 13, 1789</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47138">
                <text>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47139">
                <text>English</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47140">
                <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="47141">
                <text>Digital Repository materials are derived from the documents housed within Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections, and are made accessible to the public as historical record. Some materials within our collections may contain offensive images, language, or other content. They do not serve as a representation of views held by Hampden-Sydney College or the Walter M. Bortz III Library.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="47164">
                <text>Gift of Mr. James N. Boyd '58 and Mr. J. P. McGuire Boyd '64.</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6397">
                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This is a collection of 48 maps and related images, the gift of Henry and Kaye Spalding, Jr., Class of 1960. The maps focus on the Chesapeake Bay, the body of water that enabled the settlement and development of the state of Virginia. They depict the area between the years of 1590 and 1860, and are drawn by European mapmakers and, as evidenced in later works, those residing in the United States of America.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>1590/1860</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://archivesspace.hsc.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/8#" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection, SC-000105, Finding Aid.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                  <text>JPEG</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="63">
              <name>Access Rights</name>
              <description>Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="16307">
                  <text>Collection is open for research.</text>
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              <name>Is Part Of</name>
              <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                  <text>Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection, SC-000105, Location: 4th Floor Bortz Library. Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="78">
              <name>Extent</name>
              <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="16309">
                  <text>59 items</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="16310">
                  <text>Maps</text>
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                  <text>Chesapeake Bay Region (Md. and Va.)</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="16312">
                  <text>Maps--Early works to 1800</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="16313">
                  <text>Cartographic materials</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="16330">
                  <text>Hampden-Sydney College Archives &amp; Special Collections</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="16332">
                  <text>Still Image</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="90">
              <name>Provenance</name>
              <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                  <text>Gift of Henry and Kaye Spalding, Jr., Class of 1960</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <element elementId="4">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description>The location of the interview</description>
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              <text>Chesapeake Bay and parts of Virginia (Va.); coastal region extending from Virginia to Florida (Fl.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="5717">
              <text>Copperplate engraving with hand color</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="5718">
              <text>37 x 48.5 cm, 14 1/2 x 19 1/8 in</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5709">
                <text>Jannssonius, Johannes, 1588-1664</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5710">
                <text>Virginiae / partis australis, / et Floridae partis / orientalis, interjacentiumaq(ue) regionum / Nova Descriptio [verso]</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5712">
                <text>1649</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5713">
                <text>Amsterdam; Note: see "Related Item" field for verso of map; Published in Jansson's Atlas Novus, editions 1649 to 1649, this is State 2 of 1640, differentiated by the sea-cherub, lower left, with a tail. In the 1630s there was fierce competition between the firms of Blaeu and Hondius (to which Jansson belonged), and often they copied each other's work. This map is virtually identical to one drawn by Blaeu in ca. 1638. Differences include the longitude correctly marked 298, 299, 300 on the Jansson map (298, 299, 200 on the Blaeu map) and the latitudinal marks on the right side next to the numbers are white blocks (black blocks on the Blaeu map). Both maps were based on the Mercator-Hondius map of 1606, Virginiae Item et Floridae, which in turn was based on surveys from John White and Jacques Le Moyne. The English and French arms mark the areas of each country's influence from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay to northern Florida. Place names include many of those from Smith's map, such as "Powhatan flu" for the James River, but also indicate new ones. It is the first appearance of the name Newport News ("Newport nesa"), founded in 1621, on a map. The location of gold and silver in the Appalachian mountains ("Appalatcy") is documented from sixteenth-century reports. The figures supporting the cartouche are based on the drawings of John White. --From This New Founde Lande: The Henry &amp; Kaye Spalding Map Collection at Hampden-Sydney College, 2008.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5714">
                <text>Maps</text>
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                <text>The Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection at Hampden-Sydney College; Image appears on pg. 27 (plate 19) of This New Founde Land, Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia, 2008</text>
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                  <text>The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual’s private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.</text>
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                  <text>This is a collection of 48 maps and related images, the gift of Henry and Kaye Spalding, Jr., Class of 1960. The maps focus on the Chesapeake Bay, the body of water that enabled the settlement and development of the state of Virginia. They depict the area between the years of 1590 and 1860, and are drawn by European mapmakers and, as evidenced in later works, those residing in the United States of America.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://archivesspace.hsc.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/8#" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Henry and Kaye Spalding Map Collection, SC-000105, Finding Aid.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Jannssonius, Johannes;?Jansson, Jan, 1588-1664?</text>
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                <text>Amsterdam; Note: see "Related Item" field for verso of map; Published in Jansson's Atlas Novus, editions 1649 to 1649, this is State 2 of 1640, differentiated by the sea-cherub, lower left, with a tail. In the 1630s there was fierce competition between the firms of Blaeu and Hondius (to which Jansson belonged), and often they copied each other's work. This map is virtually identical to one drawn by Blaeu in ca. 1638. Differences include the longitude correctly marked 298, 299, 300 on the Jansson map (298, 299, 200 on the Blaeu map) and the latitudinal marks on the right side next to the numbers are white blocks (black blocks on the Blaeu map). Both maps were based on the Mercator-Hondius map of 1606, Virginiae Item et Floridae, which in turn was based on surveys from John White and Jacques Le Moyne. The English and French arms mark the areas of each country's influence from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay to northern Florida. Place names include many of those from Smith's map, such as "Powhatan flu" for the James River, but also indicate new ones. It is the first appearance of the name Newport News ("Newport nesa"), founded in 1621, on a map. The location of gold and silver in the Appalachian mountains ("Appalatcy") is documented from sixteenth-century reports. The figures supporting the cartouche are based on the drawings of John White. --From This New Founde Lande: The Henry &amp; Kaye Spalding Map Collection at Hampden-Sydney College, 2008.</text>
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